本文目录导读：

1. 搭建SFTP服务器的环境准备
2. 搭建SFTP服务器

SFTP（安全文件传输协议）是一种安全的文件传输协议，常用于远程文件传输和版本控制，与FTP协议相比，SFTP增加了加密和认证机制，提高了数据的安全性，本文将详细介绍如何从零开始搭建一个基于SFTP协议的服务器,并配置客户端工具。

搭建SFTP服务器的环境准备

在开始搭建SFTP服务器之前,我们需要确保以下环境准备到位：

1. 操作系统选择
   SFTP协议主要在Linux系统上运行，推荐使用Ubuntu 22.04 LTS或CentOS 8作为操作系统的基础,选择一个稳定的操作系统是搭建SFTP服务器的第一步。

2. 安装必要软件

   • SSH（安全Shell）：SSH是SFTP的底层协议，用于安全地连接到服务器，安装SSH可以通过以下命令进行：

     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install ssh

   • SFTP协议栈：SFTP协议栈用于实现SFTP协议功能，安装SFTP协议栈可以使用以下命令：

     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install sftp

   • 防火墙配置：确保防火墙已启用SSH和SFTP端口（通常为22和161）。

3. 配置文件权限
   在Linux系统中，文件权限通常以数字形式表示，其中411表示可读、可写、可执行，对于SFTP服务器,建议将配置文件权限设置为411。

搭建SFTP服务器

安装SFTP服务

安装SFTP服务可以通过以下命令进行：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install sftp
sudo systemctl enable sftp
sudo systemctl start sftp

配置SFTP服务

在安装完成后，我们需要配置SFTP服务,以下是配置步骤：

(1) 修改配置文件

SFTP的配置文件位于/etc/sftp/sftp.conf,我们可以直接编辑这个文件：

sudo nano /etc/sftp/sftp.conf

如果文件不存在,系统会提示创建文件。

(2) 添加服务器信息

在配置文件中添加服务器信息：

[global]
  hostnames = host1.example.com
  user=ftpuser
  password=ftppass
  protocol=2
  transport=1
  auth-algorithm=1
  compression=1
  integrity-check=1
  max-parallel-connections=10
  disable-keep-alive=1
  disable-auto-connection=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-connections=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-transport=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-auth=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-sec=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-override=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file=1
  disable-keep-alive-for-verify-rc-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-verify-file-name=1
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