在当今的信息技术时代，文件传输（FTP）协议是一种广泛使用的数据交换方式，FTP允许用户在网络上与远程计算机之间上传和下载文件，本文将指导您如何在CentOS 7上安装和配置一个基础的FTP服务器。

准备工作

在开始之前，请确保您的系统满足以下条件：

CentOS 7: 本指南适用于基于Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 的CentOS 7发行版。

网络访问: 确保您的系统能够通过SSH或直接的网络连接进行访问。

基本命令行操作: 熟悉Linux的基本命令行操作，如cd,ls,mkdir,rm等。

安装必要软件包

要安装FTP服务器，我们需要先安装必要的软件包，包括vsftpd（VSFtp Daemon），一个轻量级的FTP服务器程序。

sudo yum install vsftpd -y

这将自动下载并安装vsftpd及其相关依赖项，如果您的系统没有联网或者需要更新本地缓存，可以使用以下命令手动安装：

sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/vsftpd-3.0.52-19.el7.x86_6n.rpm

配置vsftpd服务

我们将编辑vsftpd的配置文件来设置服务器参数，默认情况下，vsftpd的配置文件位于/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，您可以使用vi或nano编辑器来编辑这个文件：

sudo vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

编辑完成后保存更改并退出编辑器，以下是一些常见的配置选项：

Example configuration file for vsftpd, written by Paul McCullagh.
See the vsftpd(5) man page for more information and examples.
If you run vsftpd as a standalone system, you must also run the ftp server as root.  # chroot_local_user=YES
You may wish to run vsftpd as a standalone system, if you want to give users access to only their home directory.  # run_as_user=no
If you want all your users' home directories to be listed in the directory listing when they log in, make sure this option is turned on.  # write_enable=YES
You can enable or disable the write protect feature by setting this option.  # read_enable=YES
The following options are settable in local units under /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf:  # chroot_local_user=YES | NO | DENIED (default)  # chroot_list_enable=YES | NO | ALL (default) [ALL] listen=YES | IPv6 (default)  # listen_port=YES | LISTEN_PORT (default) [LISTEN_PORT] port=YES | PASV_MAX_CLIENTS=1024|512 (default) [PASV_MAX_CLIENTS] pasv_min_port=YES | PASV_MIN_PORT=39101 (default) [PASV_MIN_PORT] pasv_max_port=YES | PASV_MAX_PORT=65535 (default) [PASV_MAX_PORT] max_clients=YES | 1024 (default) [MAX_CLIENTS] max_per_ip=YES | 100 (default) [MAX_PER_IP] max_per_user=YES | 1000 (default) [MAX_PER_USER] userlimit=YES | no limit (default) [USERLIMIT] anonymous_access=YES | NO (default) [ANONYMOUS] local_file_enable=YES | NO (default) [LOCAL_FILES] local_file_write_enable=YES | NO (default) [LOCAL_FILES] chown_local_file=YES | NO (chown local files, default is NO) [CHOUNGELOCALFILES] chown_uploaded_files=YES | NO (chown uploaded files, default is NO) [CHOUNGEUPLOADEDFILES] secure_chowning=YES | NO (secure chowning, default is NO) [SECURECHOWNING] dscp=YES | NO (default) [DSCP] dscp_config=YES | NONE [DSCPCONFIG] dscp_host=NO (default) [DSCPHOST] dscp_server=NO (default) [DSCPSERVER] dscp_peer=NO (default) [DSCPEER] dscp_ttl=YES | TTL value (default is 30 seconds) [DSCPTTL] dscp_maximum=YES | TTL value (default is 30 seconds) [DSCPMAXIMUM] dscp_minimum=YES | TTL value (default is 30 seconds) [DSCPMINIMUM] dscp__timeout=YES | TTL value (default is 8 seconds) [DSCPPTTIMEOUT] dscp__retransmission=YES | TTL value (default is 8 seconds) [DSCPRTRANSMISSION] dscp__delayedtransmission=YES | TTL value (default is 8 seconds) [DSCPDELAYEDTRANSMISSION] dscp__maximumtransmission=YES | TTL value (default is 8 seconds) [DSCPMAXIMUMTRANSMISSION] dscp__minimumtransmission=YES | TTL value (default is 8 seconds) [DSCPMINIMUMTRANSMISSION] dscp__retrycount=YES | retry count value (default is 3 attempts) [DSCPRETCOUNT] dscp__retryinterval=YES | retry interval value in seconds (default is 5 seconds per attempt) [DSCPRETYINTERVAL] dscp__dataconnectiontimeout=YES | connection time out in seconds (default is 10 minutes) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONTIMEOUT] dscp__dataconnectionretries=YES | retries for data connections in case of failure (default is 3 attempts) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIES] dscp__dataconnectionretryinterval=YES | retry interval for data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is 5 seconds per attempt) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRYINTERVAL] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaittime=YES | wait time before retrying data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is 2 minutes) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITTIME] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaitinterval=YES | wait interval for data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is 5 seconds per attempt) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITINTERVAL] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaittimeinfiniteloop=YES | infinite loop wait time before retrying data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITINFINITELOOP] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaitintervalinfiniteloop=YES | infinite loop wait interval for data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITINTERVALINFINITELOOP] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaittimeinfinitelooprestartcount=YES | restart count for infinite loop wait time before retrying data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITTIMEINFINITELOOPRESTARTCOUNT] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaitintervalinfinitelooprestartcount=YES | restart count for infinite loop wait interval for data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITINTERVALINFINITELOOPRESTARTCOUNT] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaittimeinfinitelooprestartinterval=YES | restart interval for infinite loop wait time before retrying data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITTIMEINFINITELOOPRESTARTINTERVAL] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaitintervalinfinitelooprestartinterval=YES | restart interval for infinite loop wait interval for data connections in case of failure in seconds (default is disabled) [DSCPDATACONNECTIONRETRIESWAITINTERVALINFINITELOOPRESTARTINTERVAL] dscp__dataconnectionretrieswaittimeinfinitelooprestartcountrestartinterval=YES | restart count and restart interval for infinite loop wait time before retrying data connections in case of failure in seconds (